The Qajar era is the flourishing era of calligraphy art, especially during the reign of Naser al-Din Shah, when great artists emerged and were trained.  Scribbles and calligraphy in various lines were more popular with calligraphers than calligraphy, and exquisite works were produced in the form of notebooks, chalipah, siyamashq and tefna arts, so that the elders gave each othe...